Loudspeakers

PROFESSIONAL LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS

Last in line yet most crucial

Professional loudspeaker systems or Loudspeakers, the final and most important stage in the audio chain, are dynamic electronic components also known as transducers that converts electronic audio signals back to acoustic sound. Loudspeaker systems consist of one or more drivers ( raw speaker ) and electronic audio filter/s or passive crossover networks housed inside an enclosure ( baffle/s ) usually wood and/or composite materials.

To effectively reproduce the original acoustic sound, professional loudspeaker systems needs different types of drivers and these are:

Super Tweeters --- Responsible for reproducing Supersonic Audio Frequencies

Tweeters    --- Responsible for reproducing High Audio Frequencies

Midrange    --- Responsible for reproducing Mid Audio Frequencies such as Vocals and most
woofers                 acoustic instruments

Woofers --- Responsible for reproducing Mid and Low Audio Frequencies

Subwoofers      --- Responsible for reproducing Subsonic Audio Frequencies or Ultra Low Bass
                            sounds ( these are very low bass frequencies that we can hear and feel )

Instrumental --- A special type of driver that can reproduce low, mid and high audio frequencies

Woofers usually used in instrument combos and speaker cabinets like guitar amp combos and piano / keyboard amp combos. ( combination integrated amplifier and
speaker/s housed in one enclosure ).

Coaxials           --- Consist of a low/mid woofer driver and a high frequency driver ( woofer and
                            tweeter combo ) incorporated in 1 frame. Can produce low/mid/and high
                            audio frequencies. Unlike instrumental woofers, coaxials uses "True" high
                            frequency drivers and produces "true" high frequency sounds.

JBL 2446H High Frequency Compression Driver 8 ohm

Examples of raw drivers ( from left to right) High freq driver, Low/Mid woofer, Subwoofer, Instrumental and Coaxial

Professional Loudspeaker systems are and can be made in different configurations such as:

One way          --- A loudspeaker system consisting of only one speaker Driver usually subwoofers     and instrument combos.

Two way --- A loudspeaker system consisting of two speaker drivers usually 1 tweeter and
                            1 woofer.

Three way --- A loudspeaker system consisting of three speaker drivers usually 1 tweeter, 1                   midrange and 1 woofer.

Array system --- A loudspeaker system consisting of 2 or more of the same type drivers or
                         combinations of 2 or more types of drivers housed in one enclosure carefully
                           placed in close proximity to one another. Array systems can also be a cluster of
                           identical drivers with seperate enclosures.

Examples of speaker configurations ( from left to right )1 Way, 2 Way, 3 Way and Array

Professional Loudspeakers can be loaded to enclosures in different ways:

Direct radiating --- The most common, in which the loudspeaker drivers are loaded in front of the
or front loaded     enclosure or baffle. The drivers are directly vibrating or radiating sound in free
                            air. Enclosure types includes bass reflex or ported and sealed box.

Horn Loaded    --- Used for transmitting acoustic sound over far or long distances.
                            For tweeters and midrange woofers, it's the same as direct radiating style but
                            with a more obvious difference in which the drivers are mounted at the back of
                            an acoustic horn type mold.
                            For woofers and subwoofers that handles the low end or bass, these drivers are
                            usually loaded inside the enclosure with specially designed chambers
                            resembling a folded horn when viewed in crosssection.

Bandpass         --- A type of loudspeaker enclosure used for subwoofers. It usually has two tuned
Loaded                           chambers with a tuned port or opening. The subwoofer driver is then loaded in
                           between these chambers. They call it bandpass because the chambers acts like
                           a filter network, filtering out some audio frequencies and only allowing
                           targeted low end frequencies to go through the tuned port/s.


Direct Radiating on a Bass Reflex Enclosure wikimedia commons by user melancholie		Horn Loaded Crosssection and Front View Wikimedia commons by user Binksternet		Bandpass Design wikimedia commons by user melancholie

It does not matter what brand of audio equipment you buy or how expensive they are, the only way to really hear how good they sound or in this case, how good they process electronic audio signals is by using professional Loudspeaker systems.

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