CONDENSER MICROPHONES
Ancient But Reliable

Neumann TLM 49 Condenser Studio Microphone


Condenser microphones are one of the earliest type of microphone ever invented and by today's standards are considered a primitive piece of technology. Capacitors was once referred to as condensers, therefore, condenser microphones are sometimes called as capacitor microphones.

Condenser microphones are generally much more expensive than dynamic microphones and some models can be as expensive as Ribbon Microphones. Unlike the dynamics which are most often used on stage, condenser microphones are the main type of microphone used in recording studios.

Condenser microphones usually are the best choice when recording vocals and acoustic instruments. Condenser microphones are more accurate and responds well to transient sounds. Most Condenser microphones has a very uniform or flat frequency response and provides more output than most microphones.
Unlike most microphones, condensers microphones requires internal or external power. Some condenser microphones can be powered internally using batteries. Most condenser microphone models gets their power externally from a microphone preamp with a 48volts phantom power supply.

Power is vital for initiating the condenser's plate voltage. Power is also needed to amplify the signal to a more effective output level.

 
Wikimedia Commons ( public domain ).  Condenser Microphone ( modified ). Original Image by Banco GNU

Basic Condenser microphones consist of a (2) flexible diaphragm or membrane and a (3) fixed backplate that has one or more openings. The diaphragm functions as one plate of the capacitor. These plates become electrically charged when (4) power is applied

As (1) sound waves hits the condenser microphone it produce changes in the distance between the front plate ( diaphragm ) and the fixed back plate. These vibrations causes the plate's electrical charge to change and produce (5) audio signals.


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